Secondary processing

Ⅰ. Machining

TOYOLAC™ can be easily cut, lathed, punched or filed. However, ABS resin does not conduct heat as well as metal, so take measures to minimize heat accumulation. Also, avoid using excessive contact pressure when cutting or otherwise machining. Generally speaking, cutting tools with sharp nose angles provide preferred machining results because they achieve deeper penetration and higher cut speeds and allow for easier removal of shavings.

Ⅱ. Welding

Ordinary ultrasonic or hot jet welding can be used favorably to weld TOYOLAC™. Generally, a welded section will have 80% the strength of ordinary TOYOLAC™.

Ⅲ. Adhesion

Select the adhesive depending on what material is being adhered to TOYOLAC™. A variety of adhesives can be used to adhere two TOYOLAC™ surfaces together. Solvents such as MEK and acetone achieve particularly fast adhesion. Adding to these solvents a solution comprising 10-20% dissolved TOYOLAC™ will produce even better results. Use a polyurethane or epoxy adhesive to adhere TOYOLAC™ to metal. To adhere TOYOLAC™ to nylon, use an adhesive solution comprising a mixture of ten parts formic acid, ten parts acetone, one part nylon resin and one part TOYOLAC™.

Ⅳ. Painting

Painting TOYOLAC™ can enhance appearance (e.g., multicolor finish, matte finish) and improve resin performance (e.g., a harder surface, weather resistance).
That said, ABS resin has inherent limitations in terms of resistance to solvents and heat. That limits the painting materials that can be used with TOYOLAC™ compared to what can be used with metal. TOYOLAC™ has a deflection temperature under load that is about 85-100°C. Do not bake above this temperature. Painting materials that can be used with TOYOLAC™ include nitrocellulose lacquers, acryl lacquers, low-temperature-fired melamine alkyds, polyvinyl chlorides and two-pack urethanes.

Ⅴ. Grade for plating applications

TOYOLAC™ exhibits excellent stability under a broad range of etching conditions when subject to etching treatments aimed at forming a base layer for adhesion to a plating film. TOYOLAC™ achieves favorable adhesion even after short etching times and resists overetching during longer etching treatments. TOYOLAC™ is designed to achieve excellent adhesion with plating materials. See Table 7 for TOYOLAC™ 125 adhesion data. TOYOLAC™ 125 flows well and maintains heat stability, enabling a broad range of molding possibilities and providing a molded product that can be plated with little residual strain. Molding deficiencies often cause plating defects. Preventing defects such as silver streaking is critical to a plating process, so make sure the material has been sufficiently dried before processing. Select molding conditions to minimize residual strain—use a higher resin temperature setting, a higher mold temperature setting (50-60°C) and a slower injection speed.

Table 7: TOYOLAC™ 125 Plating Adhesion Strength

Etching type	Cylinder temperature setting(°C)	Etching time (min)	Adhesion strength (Peeling strength) (N/cm)
High chromic acid type CrO3 430g/L H2SO4 220mL/L S.G. 1.49 Temperature 65°C	220	3 5 10	8.3 13.2 14.4
	260	3 5 10	8.8 14.7 15.7
High sulfuric acid type H2SO4(98%) 740mL/L H3PO4(89%) 320mL/L K2Cr2O7 40g S.G. 1.58 Temperature 65°C	220	10 20	9.6 12.0
	260	10 20	12.7 14.9

Ⅵ. Vacuum deposition

TOYOLAC™ can be used successfully in vacuum deposition and sputtering applications. The following is a typical vacuum deposition process.

• Pretreatment: Remove oil, fat and parting agents from the molded product surface.
• Undercoat: Apply a coating to strengthen adhesion with metal and achieve a smoother resulting surface.
• Vacuum deposition: Deposit metals such as aluminum on the molded product under a high vacuum state (not to exceed 10-3 mmHg) using a vacuum deposition apparatus.
• Topcoat: Apply a topcoat to enhance the deposited metal surface's resistance to oxidation and abrasion.

Ⅶ. Vacuum forming